Implementing Bucket Sort Algorithm in Java

Bucket sort is a non-comparison-based sorting algorithm. Its core idea is to distribute data into several "buckets", sort each bucket locally, and then merge the sorted buckets. It is suitable for scenarios where data is uniformly distributed and the range is not large (e.g., integers with a controllable range). The steps are: determine the number and range of buckets (e.g., for integers in the range 0 to max, the number of buckets is max+1), create corresponding bucket containers, traverse the elements to distribute them into the appropriate buckets, sort each bucket internally (e.g., using insertion sort or built-in methods), and finally merge the elements in the order of the buckets. The time complexity is ideally O(n), and the space complexity is O(n). Its advantages include high efficiency when data is uniformly distributed, while its disadvantages are space waste when the data range is large and efficiency degradation when the data distribution is uneven.